Comparing mental contrasting with implementation intentions against solution-focused and autonomous planning

Research suggests that mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) enhances commitment and goal attainment. However, most studies have used limited comparison conditions. The present study compared MCII against two other potentially effective approaches: autonomous planning (AP), solution-focused (SFP). It was thought condition would an indirect effect on progress by affecting commitment. attainment expectancy hypothesised to be a moderator such has positive effects when is high but negative low. Ninety-eight female students were randomly assigned one of three conditions: 1) MCII, 2) AP, or 3) SFP. All initially set themselves for the coming week regarding personal projects. Mean marginally higher in than AP SFP conditions differences not statistically significant (as predicted) much smaller previous research. Expectancy did appear moderating effect. apparent benefits larger relative Results suggest may sometimes no more approaches goal-setting planning, particularly if they are evidence-based carefully-designed. Implications schools addressed.